Assessment of Manifestations of Anti-Semitism Against Jewish Community (Average of Selected European Union Member States)
                Source: European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights. Discrimination and Hate Crime Against Jews in European Union Member States: Experiences and Perceptions of Anti-Semitism (Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2014)            
            
            
                Topic: Hate Speech            
            
            
                Reference year: 2013            
            
            
                Geographical area: European Union            
            
            
                Method: Survey (N = 5847)            
            
                
                Link to original document: 
                
                    fra.europa.eu                
            
        
        The chart illustrates the assessment of respondents to the various acts of anti-Semitism against the Jewish community in 2013, at the level of the countries surveyed (eight European Union member states). European Union refers to EU28. The United Kingdom left the European Union on 31 January 2020. Among the specific manifestations, three quarters of all respondents (75%) consider the online antisemitism as a particular problem (either "a very big" or a "fairly big problem").