Explore the Charts

The chart presents the distribution of hate speech content removal by the online platforms based on data collected by International Network Against Cyber Hate. The 2018 report found that Instagram and Forums (as a whole) were most likely to remove the flagged content, while Google+ was by far least likely to do so.

This chart shows the per cent of feedback provided by online platforms to different types of users (general user or trusted flagger/reporter). The results are based on data reported by social media platforms participating in the European Commission's Code of conduct. The data shows that platforms have higher rates of providing feedback to trusted flaggers compared to the ones to the general users, with differences varying between 4.6% (Facebook) and 46.3% (Twitter). One of the European Commission's conclusions included in the fifth monitoring exercice is that online platforms must improve their feedback to users'notifications.

This chart shows the per cent of feedback provided by online platforms to different types of users (general user or trusted flagger/reporter). The results are based on data reported by social media platforms participating in the European Commission's Code of conduct. The data shows that Facebook is informing consistently both trusted flaggers and general users, while Twitter, YouTube, TikTok and Instagram provide feedback more frequently when notifications come from trusted flaggers. Jeuxvideo has significantly increased its performance on feedback to users (it was 22.5% in 2020). One of the conclusions included in the sixth monitoring exercice is that notifications from general users continue to be often treated differently than those sent through special channels for “trusted flaggers”, with differences varying from 1.7% (Facebook) to 80% (TikTok).

The chart shows the percent of users who reported posts who received feedback regarding their report on various social media platforms. Facebook was most likely to provide feedback to normal users and to trusted flaggers. All of the platforms were more likely to provide feedback to trusted flaggers than to normal users.

The chart shows the grounds of hatred reported for reviewed posts, based on data reported by social media platforms participating in the European Commission's Code of conduct. Sexual orientation and xenophobia were the most common grounds for hatred, while religion, race and national origin were the least common grounds for hatred.

The chart shows the grounds of hatred reported for reviewed posts, based on data reported by social media platforms participating in the European Commission's Code of conduct. In 2021, sexual orientation and xenophobia were the most common grounds for hatred, while religion, race and ethnic origin were the least common grounds for hatred. (Note: The data on grounds of hatred are only an indication and are influenced by the number of notifications sent by each organisation as well as their field of work.)

The chart presents the distribution of hate speech content removal by the ICT companies, based on data reported by social media platforms participating in the European Commission's Code of conduct. The sixth monitoring exercise shows that out of the platforms participating in the Code of conduct, Jeuxvideo.com has the highest rate of removal, followed by TikTok and Facebook. Twitter continues to have the lowest rate of removal, Instagram significantly increased its removal rate (compared to the previous monitoring period), and Youtube's removal rate continue to decline. Overall, the sixth monitoring exercise shows that the Code of conduct continues to bring positive results when it comes to illegal hate speech removal across social medial platforms.

The chart presents the distribution of hate speech content removal by the ICT companies, based on data reported by social media platforms participating in the European Commission's Code of conduct. The data shows that out of the platforms participating in the Code of conduct, YouTube now has the highest rate of removal, while Twitter has the lowest. Facebook and YouTube have increased their rates of removal significantly, while Twitter's increase has been less dramatic.

The chart shows the per cent of reviewed posts which social media platforms removed in each of six monitoring periods, by European Union member state. The results are based on data reported by social media platforms participating in the European Commission's Code of conduct. Removal rates ranged from as high as 100% to as low as 0%. The United Kingdom left the European Union on 31 January 2020. In 2021, three organisations from the United Kingdom took part to the monitoring exercise, with an overall average removal rate of 43%.
Notes: The data from Belgium, Greece, Ireland (2019) and Malta (2021) is not included in the chart due to the too low number of notifications made to companies (<20). In 2019, Malta, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Denmark organisations did not submit cases for the exercise, while same applies for Slovenia, Cyprus, Finland, Luxembourg, and Denmark organisations in 2021.

The chart presents the share of the reported content which was removed by Facebook, based on data collected by the International Network Against Cyber Hate. The report found that, in 2017, Facebook's monthly removal rate varied widely, reaching a maximum level in August (80%) and a minimum in May (around 40%). Overall, Facebook's removal rate trended slightly upward in 2017.