Explore the Charts

This chart shows the distributions of finding of of a special Eurobarometer survey, conducted in December 2019. The respondents were asked which of the above-mentioned should be responsible for combatting fake news or disinformation and were allowed to select more than one option. The United Kingdom left the European Union on 31 January 2020.

The chart shows the distribution of the responses to the question “In your opinion, which of the following measures should be taken by public authorities to address fake news or disinformation?" of the participants to in the Special Eurobarometer survey conducted in December 2019. The question allows responded to select more than one answer. European Union refers to EU28. The United Kingdom left the European Union on 31 January 2020.

The chart shows the grounds of hatred reported for reviewed posts, based on data reported by social media platforms participating in the European Commission's Code of conduct. In 2021, sexual orientation and xenophobia were the most common grounds for hatred, while religion, race and ethnic origin were the least common grounds for hatred. (Note: The data on grounds of hatred are only an indication and are influenced by the number of notifications sent by each organisation as well as their field of work.)

This chart shows the per cent of feedback provided by online platforms to different types of users (general user or trusted flagger/reporter). The results are based on data reported by social media platforms participating in the European Commission's Code of conduct. The data shows that Facebook is informing consistently both trusted flaggers and general users, while Twitter, YouTube, TikTok and Instagram provide feedback more frequently when notifications come from trusted flaggers. Jeuxvideo has significantly increased its performance on feedback to users (it was 22.5% in 2020). One of the conclusions included in the sixth monitoring exercice is that notifications from general users continue to be often treated differently than those sent through special channels for “trusted flaggers”, with differences varying from 1.7% (Facebook) to 80% (TikTok).

The chart shows the per cent of reviewed posts which social media platforms removed in each of six monitoring periods, by European Union member state. The results are based on data reported by social media platforms participating in the European Commission's Code of conduct. Removal rates ranged from as high as 100% to as low as 0%. The United Kingdom left the European Union on 31 January 2020. In 2021, three organisations from the United Kingdom took part to the monitoring exercise, with an overall average removal rate of 43%.
Notes: The data from Belgium, Greece, Ireland (2019) and Malta (2021) is not included in the chart due to the too low number of notifications made to companies (<20). In 2019, Malta, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Denmark organisations did not submit cases for the exercise, while same applies for Slovenia, Cyprus, Finland, Luxembourg, and Denmark organisations in 2021.

The chart presents the distribution of hate speech content removal by the ICT companies, based on data reported by social media platforms participating in the European Commission's Code of conduct. The sixth monitoring exercise shows that out of the platforms participating in the Code of conduct, Jeuxvideo.com has the highest rate of removal, followed by TikTok and Facebook. Twitter continues to have the lowest rate of removal, Instagram significantly increased its removal rate (compared to the previous monitoring period), and Youtube's removal rate continue to decline. Overall, the sixth monitoring exercise shows that the Code of conduct continues to bring positive results when it comes to illegal hate speech removal across social medial platforms.

The chart presents the share of the reported content removed or blocked by Google due to violation of the Germany’s Network Enforcement Act, over the period 2018-2021, by reason of removal. The data shows that hate speech or political extremism, privacy and terrorist or unconstitutional content have the highest share of removals, while violence has the lowest one.

The chart shows the total number of items removed or blocked by Google, due to violations of the Germany’s Network Enforcement Act, by the type of submitter (users and reporting agencies). The results are based on the data from Google Transparency Report, last accessed on 14 February 2022.

The chart presents the distribution of items removed by Google since 2019, due to violations of Google's community guidelines and the Germany’s Network Enforcement Act, on the grounds for removal. The data shows that the majority of removal decisions are based on the platform’s private standards, as they often prioritise the compliance with their community guidelines, and not with German speech laws.

The chart shows how the online misinformation about election fraud changed after several social media sites suspended President Trump and key allies accounts. The new research by Zignal Labs reported that conversations about election fraud dropped from 2.5 million mentions to 688,000 mentions across several social media sites in the week after Trump was banned from Twitter.